Scale construction#

oct_subdiv(ratio, octave_limit=0.01365, octave=2, n=5)[source]#

N-TET tuning from Generator Interval.

This function uses a generator interval to suggest numbers of steps to divide the octave.

Parameters

  • ratio (float) – Ratio that corresponds to the generator_interval. For example, by giving the fifth (3/2) as generator interval, this function will suggest to subdivide the octave in 12, 53, etc.

  • octave_limit (float, default=0.01365) – Approximation of the octave corresponding to the acceptable distance between the ratio of the generator interval after multiple iterations and the octave value. The default value of 0.01365 corresponds to the Pythagorean comma.

  • octave (int, default=2) – Value of the octave.

  • n (int, default=5) – Number of suggested octave subdivisions.

Returns

  • Octdiv (List of int) – List of N-TET tunings according to the generator interval.

  • Octvalue (List of float) – List of the approximations of the octave for each N-TET tuning.

Examples

>>> oct_subdiv(3/2, n=3)
([12, 53, 106], [1.0136432647705078, 1.0020903140410862, 1.0041849974949628])
compare_oct_div(Octdiv=12, Octdiv2=53, bounds=0.005, octave=2)[source]#

Function that compares steps for two N-TET tunings and returns matching ratios and corresponding degrees

Parameters

  • Octdiv (int, default=12) – First N-TET tuning number of steps.

  • Octdiv2 (int, default=53) – Second N-TET tuning number of steps.

  • bounds (float, default=0.005) – Maximum distance between one ratio of Octdiv and one ratio of Octdiv2 to consider a match.

  • octave (int, default=2) – Value of the octave

Returns

  • avg_ratios (numpy.ndarray) – List of ratios corresponding to the shared steps in the two N-TET tunings

  • shared_steps (List of tuples) – The two elements of each tuple corresponds to the tuning steps sharing the same interval in the two N-TET tunings

Examples

>>> ratios, shared_steps = compare_oct_div(Octdiv=12, Octdiv2=53, bounds=0.005, octave=2)
>>> ratios, shared_steps
([1.124, 1.187, 1.334, 1.499, 1.78, 2.0],
[(2, 9), (3, 13), (5, 22), (7, 31), (10, 44), (12, 53)])
multi_oct_subdiv(peaks, max_sub=100, octave_limit=0.01365, octave=2, n_scales=10, cons_limit=0.1)[source]#

Determine optimal octave subdivisions based on consonant peaks ratios.

This function takes the most consonant peaks ratios and uses them as input for the oct_subdiv function. Each consonant ratio generates a list of possible octave subdivisions. The function then compares these lists and identifies optimal octave subdivisions that are common across multiple generator intervals.

Parameters

  • peaks (List of float) – Peaks represent local maximum in a spectrum.

  • max_sub (int, default=100) – Maximum number of intervals in N-TET tuning suggestions.

  • octave_limit (float, default=0.01365) – Approximation of the octave corresponding to the acceptable distance between the ratio of the generator interval after multiple iterations and the octave value.

  • octave (int, default=2) – value of the octave

  • n_scales (int, default=10) – Number of N-TET tunings to compute for each generator interval (ratio).

  • cons_limit (float, default=0.1) – Limit for the consonance of the peaks ratios.

Returns

  • multi_oct_div (List of int) – List of octave subdivisions that fit with multiple generator intervals.

  • ratios (List of float) – List of the generator intervals for which at least 1 N-TET tuning matches with another generator interval.

Examples

>>> peaks = [2, 3, 9]
>>> oct_divs, x = multi_oct_subdiv(peaks, max_sub=100)
>>> oct_divs, x
([53], array([1.125, 1.5  ]))
harmonic_tuning(list_harmonics, octave=2, min_ratio=1, max_ratio=2)[source]#

Generates a tuning based on a list of harmonic positions.

Parameters

  • list_harmonics (List of int) – harmonic positions to use in the scale construction

  • octave (int) – value of the period reference

  • min_ratio (float, default=1) – Value of the unison.

  • max_ratio (float, default=2) – Value of the octave.

Returns

ratios (List of float) – Generated tuning.

Examples

>>> list_harmonics = [3, 5, 7, 9]
>>> harmonic_tuning(list_harmonics, octave=2, min_ratio=1, max_ratio=2)
[1.125, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75]
euler_fokker_scale(intervals, n=1, octave=2)[source]#

Function that takes as input a series of intervals and derives a Euler Fokker Genera scale. Usually,

Parameters

  • intervals (List of int) – List of integers that represent the intervals.

  • n (int, default=1) – number of times the interval is used in the scale generation

Returns

ratios (List of float) – Generated tuning.

Examples

>>> intervals = [5, 7, 9]
>>> euler_fokker_scale(intervals, n=1, octave=2)
[1, 35/32, 9/8, 315/256, 5/4, 45/32, 7/4, 63/32, 2]
convergents(interval)[source]#

Return the convergents of the log2 of a ratio. The second value represents the number of steps to divide the octave while the first value represents the number of octaves up before the stacked ratio arrives approximately to the octave value. For example, the output of the interval 1.5 will includes [7, 12], which means that to approximate the fifth (1.5) in a NTET-tuning, you can divide the octave in 12, while stacking 12 fifth will lead to the 7th octave up.

Parameters

interval (float) – Interval to find convergent.

Returns

convergents (List of lists) – Each sublist corresponds to a pair of convergents.

Examples

>>> convergents(3/2)
[(0, 1),
(1, 1),
(1, 2),
(3, 5),
(7, 12),
(24, 41),
(31, 53),
(179, 306),
(389, 665),
(9126, 15601),
(18641, 31867)]
dissmeasure(fvec, amp, model='min')[source]#

Given a list of partials (peak frequencies) in fvec, with amplitudes in amp, this routine calculates the dissonance by summing the roughness of every sine pair based on a model of Plomp-Levelt’s roughness curve. The older model (model=’product’) was based on the product of the two amplitudes, but the newer model (model=’min’) is based on the minimum of the two amplitudes, since this matches the beat frequency amplitude.

Parameters

  • fvec (List) – List of frequency values

  • amp (List) – List of amplitude values

  • model (str, default=’min’) – Description of parameter model.

Returns

D (float) – Dissonance value

diss_curve(freqs, amps, denom=1000, max_ratio=2, euler_comp=True, method='min', plot=True, n_tet_grid=None)[source]#

This function computes the dissonance curve and related metrics for a given set of frequencies (freqs) and amplitudes (amps).

Parameters

  • freqs (List (float)) – list of frequencies associated with spectral peaks

  • amps (List (float)) – list of amplitudes associated with freqs (must be same lenght)

  • denom (int, default=1000) – Highest value for the denominator of each interval

  • max_ratio (int, default=2) – Value of the maximum ratio Set to 2 for a span of 1 octave Set to 4 for a span of 2 octaves Set to 8 for a span of 3 octaves Set to 2**n for a span of n octaves

  • euler (bool, default=True) – When set to True, compute the Euler Gradus Suavitatis for the derived scale.

  • method (str, default=’min’) – Refer to dissmeasure function for more information.

    • ‘min’

    • ‘product’

  • plot (bool, default=True) – Plot the dissonance curve.

  • n_tet_grid (int, default=None) – When an integer is given, dotted lines will be add to the plot at steps of the given N-TET scale

Returns

  • intervals (List of tuples) – Each tuple corresponds to the numerator and the denominator of each scale step ratio

  • ratios (List of floats) – list of ratios that constitute the scale

  • euler_score (int) – value of consonance of the scale

  • diss (float) – value of averaged dissonance of the total curve

  • dyad_sims (List of floats) – list of dyad similarities for each ratio of the scale

compute_harmonic_entropy_domain_integral(ratios, ratio_interval, spread=0.01, min_tol=1e-15)[source]#

Computes the harmonic entropy of a list of frequency ratios for a given set of possible intervals.

Parameters

  • ratios (List of floats) – List of frequency ratios.

  • ratio_interval (List of floats) – List of possible intervals to consider.

  • spread (float, default=0.01) – Controls the width of the Gaussian kernel used to smooth the probability density function of the ratios.

  • min_tol (float, default=1e-15) – The smallest tolerance value for considering the probability density function.

Returns

  • weight_ratios (ndarray) – Sorted ratios.

  • HE (ndarray) – Harmonic entropy values for each interval in ratio_interval.

Notes

Harmonic entropy is a measure of the deviation of a set of frequency ratios from the idealized harmonics (integer multiples of a fundamental frequency) and is defined as:

HE = - sum_i(p_i * log2(p_i))

where p_i is the probability of a given ratio in a smoothed probability density function.

The ratio_interval defines a range of possible intervals to consider. The algorithm computes the harmonic entropy of each possible interval in ratio_interval and returns an array of HE values, one for each interval.

compute_harmonic_entropy_simple_weights(numerators, denominators, ratio_interval, spread=0.01, min_tol=1e-15)[source]#

Compute the harmonic entropy of a set of ratios using simple weights.

Parameters

  • numerators (array-like) – Numerators of the ratios.

  • denominators (array-like) – Denominators of the ratios.

  • ratio_interval (array-like) – Interval to compute the harmonic entropy over.

  • spread (float, default=0.01) – Spread of the normal distribution used to compute the weights.

  • min_tol (float, default=1e-15) – Minimum tolerance for the weights.

Returns

  • weight_ratios (ndarray) – Sorted weight ratios.

  • HE (ndarray) – Harmonic entropy.

harmonic_entropy(ratios, res=0.001, spread=0.01, plot_entropy=True, plot_tenney=False, octave=2)[source]#

Harmonic entropy is a measure of the uncertainty in pitch perception, and it provides a physical correlate of tonalness,one aspect of the psychoacoustic concept of dissonance (Sethares). High tonalness corresponds to low entropy and low tonalness corresponds to high entropy.

Parameters

  • ratios (List of floats) – Ratios between each pairs of frequency peaks.

  • res (float, default=0.001) – Resolution of the ratio steps.

  • spread (float, default=0.01) – Spread of the normal distribution used to compute the weights.

  • plot_entropy (bool, default=True) – When set to True, plot the harmonic entropy curve.

  • plot_tenney (bool, default=False) – When set to True, plot the tenney heights (y-axis) across ratios (x-axis).

  • octave (int, default=2) – Value of reference period.

Returns

  • HE_minima (List of floats) – List of ratios corresponding to minima of the harmonic entropy curve

  • HE (float) – Value of the averaged harmonic entropy

tuning_reduction(tuning, mode_n_steps, function, rounding=4, ratio_type='pos_harm')[source]#

Function that reduces the number of steps in a scale according to the consonance between pairs of ratios.

tuningList (float)

scale to reduce

mode_n_stepsint

number of steps of the reduced scale

functionfunction, default=compute_consonance

function used to compute the consonance between pairs of ratios Choose between:

roundingint

maximum number of decimals for each step

ratio_typestr, default=’pos_harm’

Choose between:

  • ‘pos_harm’:a/b when a>b

  • ‘sub_harm’:a/b when a<b

  • ‘all’: pos_harm + sub_harm

tuning_consonancefloat

Consonance value of the input tuning.

mode_outList of floats

List of mode intervals.

mode_consonancefloat

Consonance value of the output mode.

>>> tuning = [1, 1.21, 1.31, 1.45, 1.5, 1.7, 1.875]
>>> harm_tuning, mode, harm_mode = tuning_reduction(tuning, mode_n_steps=5, function=dyad_similarity, rounding=4, ratio_type="pos_harm")
>>> print('Tuning harmonicity: ', harm_tuning, '

Mode: ‘, mode, ‘ Mode harmonicity: ‘, harm_mode)

Tuning harmonicity: 9.267212965965944 Mode: [1.5, 1, 1.875, 1.7, 1.45] Mode harmonicity: 17.9500338066261

create_mode(tuning, n_steps, function)[source]#
Create a mode from a tuning based on the consonance of

subsets of tuning steps.

Parameters

  • tuning (List of floats) – scale to reduce

  • n_steps (int) – number of steps of the reduced scale

  • function (function, default=compute_consonance) – function used to compute the consonance between pairs of ratios Choose between:

Returns

mode (List of floats) – Reduced tuning.

Examples

>>> tuning = [1, 1.21, 1.31, 1.45, 1.5, 1.7, 1.875]
>>> create_mode(tuning, n_steps=5, function=dyad_similarity)
[1, 1.45, 1.5, 1.7, 1.875]
pac_mode(pac_freqs, n, function=<function dyad_similarity>, method='subset')[source]#

Compute the pac mode of a set of frequency pairs.

Parameters

  • pac_freqs (List of tuples) – List of frequency pairs (f1, f2) representing phase-amplitude coupling.

  • n (int) – Number of steps in the tuning system.

  • function (function, default=dyad_similarity) – A function that takes two frequencies as input and returns a similarity score.

  • method (str, default=’subset’) – The method used to compute the pac mode. Possible values:

    • ‘pairwise’

    • ‘subset’

Returns

List – The pac mode as a list of frequencies.

tuning_range_to_MOS(frac1, frac2, octave=2, max_denom_in=100, max_denom_out=100)[source]#

Compute the Moment of Symmetry (MOS) signature for a range of ratios defined by two input fractions, and compute the generative interval for that range.

The MOS signature of a ratio is a tuple of integers representing the number of equally spaced intervals that can fit into an octave when starting from the ratio, going in one direction, and repeating the interval until the octave is filled. For example, the MOS signature of an octave is (1,0) because there is only one interval that fits into an octave when starting from the ratio of 1:1 and going up. The MOS signature of a perfect fifth is (0,1) because there are no smaller intervals that fit into an octave when starting from the ratio of 3:2 and going up, but there is one larger interval that fits, which is the octave above the perfect fifth.

The generative interval is the interval that corresponds to the mediant of the two input fractions. The mediant is the fraction that lies between the two input fractions and corresponds to the interval where small and large steps are equal.

Parameters

  • frac1 (str or float) – First ratio as a string or float.

  • frac2 (str or float) – Second ratio as a string or float.

  • octave (float, default=2) – The ratio of an octave.

  • max_denom_in (int, default=100) – Maximum denominator to use when converting the input fractions to rational numbers.

  • max_denom_out (int, default=100) – Maximum denominator to use when approximating the generative interval as a rational number.

Returns

tuple – A tuple containing: - the mediant as a float, - the mediant as a fraction with a denominator not greater than max_denom_out, - the generative interval as a float, - the generative interval as a fraction with a denominator not greater than max_denom_out, - the MOS signature of the generative interval as a tuple of integers, - the MOS signature of the inverse of the generative interval as a tuple of integers.

stern_brocot_to_generator_interval(ratio, octave=2)[source]#

Converts a fraction in the stern-brocot tree to a generator interval for moment of symmetry tunings

Parameters

  • ratio (float) – stern-brocot ratio

  • octave (float, default=2) – Reference period.

Returns

gen_interval (float) – Generator interval

gen_interval_to_stern_brocot(gen)[source]#

Convert a generator interval to fraction in the stern-brocot tree.

Parameters

gen (float) – Generator interval.

Returns

root_ratio (float) – Fraction in the stern-brocot tree.

horogram_tree_steps(ratio1, ratio2, steps=10, limit=1000)[source]#
horogram_tree(ratio1, ratio2, limit)[source]#

Compute the next step of the horogram tree.

Parameters

  • ratio1 (float) – First ratio input.

  • ratio2 (float) – Second ratio input.

  • limit (int) – Limit for the denominator of the fraction.

Returns

next_step (float) – Next step of the horogram tree.

phi_convergent_point(ratio1, ratio2)[source]#

Compute the phi convergent point of two ratios.

Parameters

  • ratio1 (float) – First ratio input.

  • ratio2 (float) – Second ratio input.

Returns

convergent_point (float) – Phi convergent point of the two ratios.

Stern_Brocot(n, a=0, b=1, c=1, d=1)[source]#

Compute the Stern-Brocot tree of a given depth.

Parameters

  • n (int) – Depth of the tree.

  • a, b, c, d (int) – Initial values for the Stern-Brocot recursion. Default is a=0, b=1, c=1, d=1.

Returns

list – List of fractions in the Stern-Brocot tree.

generator_interval_tuning(interval=1.5, steps=12, octave=2, harmonic_min=0)[source]#

Function that takes a generator interval and derives a tuning based on its stacking. interval: float

Generator interval

steps: int, default=12

Number of steps in the scale. When set to 12 –> 12-TET for interval 3/2

octave: int, default=2

Value of the octave

interval_exponents(interval, n_steps)[source]#
interval_to_radian(interval)[source]#
tuning_to_radians(interval, n_steps)[source]#
tuning_MOS_info(interval=1.5, steps=12, octave=2)[source]#
find_MOS(interval, max_steps=53, octave=2)[source]#
MOS_metric_harmonic_mean(MOS_dict, metric='harmsim')[source]#
generator_to_stern_brocot_fractions(gen, limit)[source]#
measure_symmetry(generator_interval, max_steps=20, octave=2)[source]#

Measure the maximum deviation in symmetry for a given generator interval.

This function calculates the MOS scales for the given generator interval and determines the maximum deviation in symmetry for the scales.

Parameters

  • generator_interval (int or float) – The generator interval for which MOS scales will be calculated.

  • max_steps (int, default=20) – The maximum number of steps to consider for each MOS scale calculation.

  • octave (int, default=2) – The octave size for which the MOS scales will be calculated.

Returns

float – The maximum deviation in symmetry for the given generator interval.

Examples

>>> generator_interval = 3/2
>>> measure_symmetry(generator_interval)